Plain-English definitions, reviewed by an independent investor

Standard Deviation

Standard deviation measures the typical spread of returns around the average — the common risk number.

Standard deviation measures the typical spread of returns around the average — the common risk number.

SD = √(Average of (Return − Mean)²)

Why it matters

It quantifies volatility in one comparable figure.

Common confusion

It treats upside and downside swings the same, which some find odd.

Definitions reviewed by the Investing Glossary editorial team.

Frequently Asked Questions

Higher SD riskier?

Generally yes; the wider the spread, the less predictable the outcome.

SD vs beta?

SD is total wobble; beta is wobble relative to the market.

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