Plain-English definitions, reviewed by an independent investor

Recession

A recession is a broad, sustained downturn in economic activity, loosely two straight quarters of shrinking GDP.

A recession is a broad, sustained downturn in economic activity, loosely two straight quarters of shrinking GDP.

(Common rule: two consecutive quarters of negative GDP)

Why it matters

It is the macro backdrop that pressures earnings and markets.

Common confusion

Official calls lag; by the time it is named, markets may have moved on.

Definitions reviewed by the Investing Glossary editorial team.

Frequently Asked Questions

Recession vs depression?

A depression is far deeper and longer; a recession is the common cycle.

Do stocks fall in recession?

Often in anticipation; markets can rise before the recession ends.

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